Last year, I interviewed about fifteen women in South Korea. Before I left for the country, I talked with two writers and two social scientists, who conducted many interviews for their research, to learn their techniques. I was armed with a digital recorder and computer, but still encountered issues I wasn’t prepared for. As I started to write, I found more mistakes I could have prevented if I had known more about conducting interviews. I have written a brief manual for writers who will utilize interviews in their work.
Before the interview:
1. Sound recorders: Unless you need to present the recording itself, you don’t need an expensive recorder. However, a good recorder captures clearer sounds and helps differentiate noises from voices. I recommend a digital recorder, as it is easier to replay and make copies of recordings. Research to find the best one for your project. Although there are many sites available, one I found useful was Doug at the Oral History in the Digital Age (Chautauqua is not affiliated with this organization) to find one.
When you have your recorder, learn how to use it properly and conduct a test interview. Set the correct date and time. Make sure that you have enough memory for your interview. Always bring backup batteries.
I recommend preparing a backup recorder too, even if it is your phone or computer. Device malfunction happens more often than you’d think.
2. Writing instruments: Do not assume your recorder will save everything. Written notes may save you time later and enrich your memory. You can bring a notepad or computer or any other tool. Typing is often faster than handwriting, but consider your interview environment.
3. Visual aid/camera: It is always nice to have pictures from your interviews. Some might be sensitive about having their picture taken, but even if you can’t take pictures of your interviewee, you can take a record of your setting to help your memory later. A video camera is another option, but it may make interviewees uncomfortable. Always ask permission to use these before conducting the interview.
4. Interview questions: Finalize your questions and perform a mock interview.
On the day of the interview:
1. Arrival: Arrive early and learn about your setting. Take pictures, if able, and make notes.
2. Interview: Be courteous—introduce yourself and the purpose of your interview. Tell your interviewee how you will use their information and ask for permission. Ask separately for voice recording, notetaking, and pictures. When recording, state the date, time, location, and interviewee’s name. Use your primary and backup recorders at the same time.
3. Notes: I recommend taking notes throughout the whole interview process. Include the date, time, place, and weather. If you are not taking pictures, note the appearance of your interviewee. Record their gestures.
After the interview:
1. Recordings and pictures: Check whether they are properly saved. Make copies as soon as possible and store them in multiple places—your computer, cloud, etc.
2. Daily notes: This should be like your diary. Consider the events before and after your interview and write about them chronologically.
I hope you have a great interview!
*Photo courtesy of Jooweon Park, 2017